Management of Fibromyalgia

نویسنده

  • Jan T. Gran
چکیده

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577 1. Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578 2. General Therapeutic Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579 3. Nonpharmaceutical Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579 3.1 Physical Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580 3.2 Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation and Acupuncture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580 3.3 Bio-Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581 3.4 Cognitive Behavioural Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581 4. Drug Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581 4.1 Conventional Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581 4.1.1 Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583 4.1.2 Analgesics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583 4.1.3 Sedatives and Anxiolytics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583 4.1.4 Corticosteroids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583 4.1.5 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583 4.1.6 Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583 4.1.7 Tricyclic Antidepressants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584 4.1.8 Trigger-Point Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584 4.2 Future Drug Therapies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585 4.2.1 Antiepileptic Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585 4.2.2 Calcitonin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585 4.2.3 Ademetionine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585 4.2.4 Oxitriptan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586 4.2.5 Botulinum Toxin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586 4.2.6 Capsaicin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586 4.2.7 γ-Hydroxybutyrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586 4.2.8 Growth Hormone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586 4.2.9 Nerve Growth Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586 4.2.10 Dopamine D2-Receptor Antagonists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587 4.2.11 NMDA-Receptor Antagonists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587 4.2.12 Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587 5. Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588 Abstract Fibromyalgia still represents an enigma to modern medicine and the aetiopathogenesis is far from explored. The management of patients with fibromyalgia is thus mostly based on empirical research, and only a few controlled THERAPY IN PRACTICE Drugs 2002; 62 (4): 577-592 0012-6667/02/0004-0577/$30.00/0Fibromyalgia still represents an enigma to modern medicine and the aetiopathogenesis is far from explored. The management of patients with fibromyalgia is thus mostly based on empirical research, and only a few controlled THERAPY IN PRACTICE Drugs 2002; 62 (4): 577-592 0012-6667/02/0004-0577/$30.00/0 © Adis International Limited. All rights reserved.

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تاریخ انتشار 2002